KLRD1
CD94 (Cluster of Differentiation 94) , also known as killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily D, member 1 (KLRD1) is a human gene.[1]
The protein encoded by CD94 gene is a lectin, cluster of differentiation and a receptor that is involved in cell signaling and is expressed on the surface of natural killer cells in the innate immune system. CD94 pairs with the NKG2 molecule as a heterodimer. The CD94/NKG2 complex, on the surface of natural killer cells interacts with Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-E on target cells.
Natural killer (NK) cells are a distinct lineage of lymphocytes that mediate cytotoxic activity and secrete cytokines upon immune stimulation. Several genes of the C-type lectin superfamily, including members of the NKG2 family, are expressed by NK cells and may be involved in the regulation of NK cell function. KLRD1 (CD94) is an antigen preferentially expressed on NK cells and is classified as a type II membrane protein because it has an external C terminus. KLRD1 has two alternatively spliced variants that differ in the presence or absence of exon 2 sequence.[1]
Interactions
KLRD1 has been shown to interact with KLRC2.[2][3]
See also
References
Further reading
- Chang C, Rodríguez A, Carretero M, et al. (1995). "Molecular characterization of human CD94: a type II membrane glycoprotein related to the C-type lectin superfamily.". Eur. J. Immunol. 25 (9): 2433–7. doi:10.1002/eji.1830250904. PMID 7589107.
- Moretta A, Vitale M, Sivori S, et al. (1994). "Human natural killer cell receptors for HLA-class I molecules. Evidence that the Kp43 (CD94) molecule functions as receptor for HLA-B alleles.". J. Exp. Med. 180 (2): 545–55. doi:10.1084/jem.180.2.545. PMC 2191622. PMID 8046333. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2191622.
- Phillips JH, Chang C, Mattson J, et al. (1996). "CD94 and a novel associated protein (94AP) form a NK cell receptor involved in the recognition of HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C allotypes.". Immunity 5 (2): 163–72. doi:10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80492-6. PMID 8769479.
- Lazetic S, Chang C, Houchins JP, et al. (1996). "Human natural killer cell receptors involved in MHC class I recognition are disulfide-linked heterodimers of CD94 and NKG2 subunits.". J. Immunol. 157 (11): 4741–5. PMID 8943374.
- Brooks AG, Posch PE, Scorzelli CJ, et al. (1997). "NKG2A complexed with CD94 defines a novel inhibitory natural killer cell receptor.". J. Exp. Med. 185 (4): 795–800. doi:10.1084/jem.185.4.795. PMC 2196137. PMID 9034158. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2196137.
- Mandelboim O, Pazmany L, Davis DM, et al. (1998). "Multiple receptors for HLA-G on human natural killer cells.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (26): 14666–70. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.26.14666. PMC 25087. PMID 9405670. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=25087.
- Rodríguez A, Carretero M, Glienke J, et al. (1998). "Structure of the human CD94 C-type lectin gene.". Immunogenetics 47 (4): 305–9. doi:10.1007/s002510050362. PMID 9472066.
- Le Dréan E, Vély F, Olcese L, et al. (1998). "Inhibition of antigen-induced T cell response and antibody-induced NK cell cytotoxicity by NKG2A: association of NKG2A with SHP-1 and SHP-2 protein-tyrosine phosphatases.". Eur. J. Immunol. 28 (1): 264–76. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-4141(199801)28:01<264::AID-IMMU264>3.0.CO;2-O. PMID 9485206.
- Braud VM, Allan DS, O'Callaghan CA, et al. (1998). "HLA-E binds to natural killer cell receptors CD94/NKG2A, B and C.". Nature 391 (6669): 795–9. doi:10.1038/35869. PMID 9486650.
- Plougastel B, Trowsdale J (1998). "Sequence analysis of a 62-kb region overlapping the human KLRC cluster of genes.". Genomics 49 (2): 193–9. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.5197. PMID 9598306.
- Furukawa H, Yabe T, Watanabe K, et al. (1998). "An alternatively spliced form of the human CD94 gene.". Immunogenetics 48 (1): 87–8. doi:10.1007/s002510050407. PMID 9601951.
- Lanier LL, Corliss B, Wu J, Phillips JH (1998). "Association of DAP12 with activating CD94/NKG2C NK cell receptors.". Immunity 8 (6): 693–701. doi:10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80574-9. PMID 9655483.
- Vance RE, Kraft JR, Altman JD, et al. (1999). "Mouse CD94/NKG2A is a natural killer cell receptor for the nonclassical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule Qa-1(b).". J. Exp. Med. 188 (10): 1841–8. doi:10.1084/jem.188.10.1841. PMC 2212405. PMID 9815261. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2212405.
- Brooks AG, Borrego F, Posch PE, et al. (1999). "Specific recognition of HLA-E, but not classical, HLA class I molecules by soluble CD94/NKG2A and NK cells.". J. Immunol. 162 (1): 305–13. PMID 9886400.
- Boyington JC, Riaz AN, Patamawenu A, et al. (1999). "Structure of CD94 reveals a novel C-type lectin fold: implications for the NK cell-associated CD94/NKG2 receptors.". Immunity 10 (1): 75–82. doi:10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80008-4. PMID 10023772.
- Bellón T, Heredia AB, Llano M, et al. (1999). "Triggering of effector functions on a CD8+ T cell clone upon the aggregation of an activatory CD94/kp39 heterodimer.". J. Immunol. 162 (7): 3996–4002. PMID 10201920.
- Ding Y, Sumitran S, Holgersson J (1999). "Direct binding of purified HLA class I antigens by soluble NKG2/CD94 C-type lectins from natural killer cells.". Scand. J. Immunol. 49 (5): 459–65. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3083.1999.00566.x. PMID 10320637.
- Romero P, Ortega C, Palma A, et al. (2001). "Expression of CD94 and NKG2 molecules on human CD4(+) T cells in response to CD3-mediated stimulation.". J. Leukoc. Biol. 70 (2): 219–24. PMID 11493613.
- Shum BP, Flodin LR, Muir DG, et al. (2002). "Conservation and variation in human and common chimpanzee CD94 and NKG2 genes.". J. Immunol. 168 (1): 240–52. PMID 11751968.
- Terrazzano G, Zanzi D, Palomba C, et al. (2002). "Differential involvement of CD40, CD80, and major histocompatibility complex class I molecules in cytotoxicity induction and interferon-gamma production by human natural killer effectors.". J. Leukoc. Biol. 72 (2): 305–11. PMID 12149421.
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